A smear test is the way in which early changes in the cells of the cervix are identified. If these changes are appropriately treated then cancer of the cervix can be prevented.
If the cells of the cervix are identified as being abnormal on the smear then a detailed examination of the cervix is sometimes required. This examination is called colposcopy.
When a woman has a colposcopy the cervix is examined using a microscope. The microscope allows the doctor to have a close look a the cervix. If abnormal cells are identified then a small biopsy can be taken. Once a biopsy has been taken the cells are sent to the laboratory for further examination.
If the biopsy shows severe pre-cancerous changes of the cells then these cells can be removed from the cervix through a minor procedure known as a LLETZ. This is usually done under local anaesthetic and is effective in preventing cervical cancer.